[
  {
    "startMs": 1309,
    "text": "[music]"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 13080,
    "text": ">> Uh hey folks. Uh I'm Karan Vedya,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 15600,
    "text": "co-founder and CTO of Composio."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 19640,
    "text": "Most agentic tool calls today are still"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 21680,
    "text": "happening in one field. No guesses, it's"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 24560,
    "text": "software engineering."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 26160,
    "text": "Every other kind of work is trailing far"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 28160,
    "text": "behind."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 29680,
    "text": "If models keep getting better, then why"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 32360,
    "text": "are we still limited to just agentic"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 34600,
    "text": "coding?"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 35760,
    "text": "That's the trillion-dollar question I'm"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 37600,
    "text": "here to answer."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 43640,
    "text": "Three years ago, coding agents were just"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 45880,
    "text": "auto complete."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 47160,
    "text": "Today, software engineering is fully"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 49720,
    "text": "autonomous. We went from pressing tab"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 52720,
    "text": "tab tab"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 53960,
    "text": "to"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 54840,
    "text": "let just Claude cook. That's just magic."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 60520,
    "text": "And why did it happen so fast in coding?"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 64400,
    "text": "Most people would think it's models."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 67040,
    "text": "Yeah, models got really better over time"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 69720,
    "text": "over the last two to three years."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 71480,
    "text": "And so did the harnesses. Claude code,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 75280,
    "text": "Codex, Cursor."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 76960,
    "text": "But on their own, it wouldn't have been"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 79240,
    "text": "enough."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 80520,
    "text": "It only worked because all the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 82280,
    "text": "infrastructure and systems around coding"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 84800,
    "text": "were literally meant for agents."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 88560,
    "text": "Code came with the support that agents"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 90880,
    "text": "needed."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 92160,
    "text": "You have got the repo,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 93600,
    "text": "the commit history, tests, CI/CD,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 96160,
    "text": "review, linters, revert if anything goes"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 99600,
    "text": "wrong. The kind of stuff that makes you"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 102320,
    "text": "trust the agents, the systems around"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 104600,
    "text": "code."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 106840,
    "text": "Now, we're pointing these same amazing"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 109280,
    "text": "agents at everything else."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 111640,
    "text": "Support, finance, sales."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 114160,
    "text": "But the agents that were doing"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 115600,
    "text": "phenomenally well in coding, are just"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 117960,
    "text": "working blind."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 119400,
    "text": "Because the infrastructure around coding"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 121760,
    "text": "doesn't even exist in other fields."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 125106,
    "text": ">> [snorts]"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 125600,
    "text": ">> So, how do we close the bridge between"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 128360,
    "text": "coding agents and knowledge work agents?"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 131680,
    "text": "We think it's core six primitives and"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 135400,
    "text": "coding had all six of them"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 138440,
    "text": "while knowledge work doesn't have any"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 140880,
    "text": "and that's what we need to build."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 143959,
    "text": "First is centralization."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 146760,
    "text": "Coding agents work so pretty well partly"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 150240,
    "text": "because they were very near the source"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 152959,
    "text": "of truth."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 154040,
    "text": "They knew the what, the why and how."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 157320,
    "text": "You give them the repo, the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 158800,
    "text": "infrastructure as code and you close the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 161800,
    "text": "loop and let the model cook. The agent"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 164520,
    "text": "starts at everything with everything"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 167280,
    "text": "they need all in a single place, that is"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 169560,
    "text": "the code base."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 171560,
    "text": "This is exactly what knowledge work miss"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 173959,
    "text": "today."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 175440,
    "text": "For example, a single deal is scattered"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 177600,
    "text": "across five different platforms."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 179959,
    "text": "The records are in Salesforce, the docs"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 182400,
    "text": "in Notion, the emails in Gmail,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 184720,
    "text": "conversations in Slack and the support"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 186880,
    "text": "history is in Zendesk."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 189040,
    "text": "There's no single source of truth,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 190640,
    "text": "single place to get all the information."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 193600,
    "text": "Everything is separate and every app has"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 196200,
    "text": "its own login."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 197920,
    "text": "Before a knowledge work agent can even"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 200360,
    "text": "start to do thing, it has to go and pull"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 202959,
    "text": "all the threads"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 204400,
    "text": "and kind of tie them together itself."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 207160,
    "text": "And that's still the base point where"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 209360,
    "text": "coding agent had started. It already had"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 211280,
    "text": "it all. So, how can you expect knowledge"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 213480,
    "text": "work to do knowledge work agent to do"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 215080,
    "text": "the same level of work as coding agent?"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 219080,
    "text": "So, the first thing we build is the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 221160,
    "text": "missing center. One place where all your"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 223840,
    "text": "apps, all your connections, all your"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 225800,
    "text": "logins exist. So, the agent doesn't need"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 229239,
    "text": "to do the hard work of stitching them"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 230640,
    "text": "all together. They find it all in a"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 232320,
    "text": "single place."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 233800,
    "text": "And they get the baseline with the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 235880,
    "text": "coding agent started with, which is the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 237960,
    "text": "repo, the information across all the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 240560,
    "text": "stacks in one single place."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 242680,
    "text": "That's the foundation"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 244200,
    "text": "you start with and you can give right"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 246320,
    "text": "accesses to your agent."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 249320,
    "text": "The next thing agent needs is a sense of"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 251720,
    "text": "history."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 252760,
    "text": "The ability to look back in the past."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 256799,
    "text": "In code, you get it for free."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 259120,
    "text": "Git keeps a record of every single thing"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 261480,
    "text": "that went in, every single change that"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 263280,
    "text": "was made. So, the agent can always look"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 265560,
    "text": "back and see how a certain change was"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 267560,
    "text": "made, why something worked, why"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 270000,
    "text": "something didn't work."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 271680,
    "text": "Think about the kind of thing you"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 273040,
    "text": "actually ask your agent to do."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 275040,
    "text": "We had to revert a change in the past"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 277800,
    "text": "because of some failure, but that was"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 279760,
    "text": "pretty hard to pull off. Can you look at"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 281640,
    "text": "it and get it back again?"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 283400,
    "text": "It just reach to the history and get it"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 285000,
    "text": "back and"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 286160,
    "text": "cook it."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 287520,
    "text": "The [snorts] history isn't just for"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 288720,
    "text": "agent."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 289840,
    "text": "It's also for you to keep a record what"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 292040,
    "text": "the agent is doing."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 293440,
    "text": "You can see what the agent is doing,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 295040,
    "text": "where it is up, where it is"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 296760,
    "text": "doing successful things, and like"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 299560,
    "text": "instead of trusting what the agent is"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 301080,
    "text": "saying you, you can just go to those"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 302919,
    "text": "particular apps and look at what it has"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 305040,
    "text": "done."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 309400,
    "text": "Now, ask those same questions about"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 311040,
    "text": "knowledge work. What led to the CRM"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 313800,
    "text": "being in a state where it is today?"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 316040,
    "text": "How did the How did my colleague craft"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 318520,
    "text": "that amazing mail that led to the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 320919,
    "text": "closing of the deal?"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 322919,
    "text": "What's the actual process to escalate a"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 324640,
    "text": "support issue or even close one?"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 327080,
    "text": "The answers are smeared across hundreds"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 329040,
    "text": "of apps and none of them keep the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 330800,
    "text": "history."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 331880,
    "text": "So, the agent has no memory. It starts"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 334240,
    "text": "from blank state almost every time. No"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 336680,
    "text": "idea what was tried before, what worked,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 339000,
    "text": "what didn't work."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 340760,
    "text": "And you you have nothing to look at all"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 343440,
    "text": "as well. Once the agent runs, it tells"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 345760,
    "text": "you it has done successfully, you don't"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 347600,
    "text": "know if it has actually done"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 348840,
    "text": "successfully. There's no way to"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 350880,
    "text": "know if it is right or not."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 352880,
    "text": "And that's what's missing, a record of"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 354680,
    "text": "work."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 357080,
    "text": "Now, because everything"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 359280,
    "text": "finally runs through one single place,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 361560,
    "text": "that centralization, we can build a"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 363560,
    "text": "layer on top of it, the record."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 366560,
    "text": "Every single like action that agent"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 369760,
    "text": "takes can be logged across every other"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 371840,
    "text": "app."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 372840,
    "text": "Whatever it touched, whatever it"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 374120,
    "text": "skipped, what worked, what didn't."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 377320,
    "text": "Via this, firstly, the agent gets"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 379520,
    "text": "memory."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 380680,
    "text": "It can look back at how similar tasks"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 382840,
    "text": "were done before, what was successful,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 385200,
    "text": "and replicate it again."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 388440,
    "text": "It doesn't start with a blank state all"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 390080,
    "text": "the time."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 391560,
    "text": "Second, you get trust. You can finally"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 393960,
    "text": "see exactly what the agent is doing. So,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 396360,
    "text": "instead of hoping it will do the right"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 398240,
    "text": "thing, you can just go back and check"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 400560,
    "text": "and catch it if it does something bad."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 404160,
    "text": "And as you kind of see it more and more"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 406120,
    "text": "doing the right things, you'll develop"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 407320,
    "text": "the trust and offload more tasks to it."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 411040,
    "text": "The next thing an agent needs is"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 412760,
    "text": "context."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 414080,
    "text": "And there are really two kinds of"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 415720,
    "text": "context, if you think about it. The"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 417760,
    "text": "first the shape of shape of the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 419160,
    "text": "platform, the architecture."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 421160,
    "text": "How things flow into each other, how"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 422720,
    "text": "things are tied, the data flows."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 425040,
    "text": "Like kind of like a map which a senior"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 427120,
    "text": "engineer carries in their head, and a"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 429320,
    "text": "junior engineer takes probably 3 months"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 431000,
    "text": "to develop."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 432440,
    "text": "The second is style. This isn't what's"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 434520,
    "text": "objectively correct, but more like what"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 437240,
    "text": "good looks like in your company. So,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 440000,
    "text": "how you do things, things like linter,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 442919,
    "text": "type checks, etc. And maybe you use a"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 445919,
    "text": "TypeScript decorator which nobody else"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 448480,
    "text": "would."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 449720,
    "text": "This is not exactly somewhere in a"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 452240,
    "text": "playbook, it's more in your code base."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 454080,
    "text": "It's all available in your code base, so"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 456000,
    "text": "the agent can just go and look and"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 457800,
    "text": "figure out the specs,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 459720,
    "text": "what you like, the like linters, the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 461760,
    "text": "formatters, etc."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 465920,
    "text": "Now, coming to knowledge work,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 467840,
    "text": "the same thing. Say you're writing a doc"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 469560,
    "text": "to a customer."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 470800,
    "text": "To even start, I would have to open the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 472720,
    "text": "database to pull their usage, check"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 475040,
    "text": "PostHog of how they have been actually"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 477080,
    "text": "using things."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 478280,
    "text": "And Salesforce to look at their deal"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 480520,
    "text": "details. Only then I can even start"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 482960,
    "text": "writing the first line of the doc."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 485560,
    "text": "The answer wasn't isolated in just one"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 488000,
    "text": "of those tools. I'm able to write this"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 490400,
    "text": "is doc because I'm pulling the threads"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 492080,
    "text": "across all these tools into one single"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 494120,
    "text": "context in my head."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 495600,
    "text": "So, putting history and context"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 497280,
    "text": "together, that's how you map how the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 499600,
    "text": "organization works. And that part is not"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 502280,
    "text": "available to agent handily."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 506360,
    "text": "So, as we did centralization and"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 509480,
    "text": "logging,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 510560,
    "text": "the record we just built, the one that"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 512880,
    "text": "gives the agent memory and lets you"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 514960,
    "text": "check what it did, also does one more"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 516919,
    "text": "interesting thing."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 518360,
    "text": "It If you log enough of what every agent"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 520800,
    "text": "is doing, you start to see patterns. You"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 522800,
    "text": "start to see how the organization works."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 524960,
    "text": "And you start to form skills, which is"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 527880,
    "text": "some sort of distillation of how the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 529400,
    "text": "organization has been working."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 531760,
    "text": "Which approaches work, which don't,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 533800,
    "text": "which"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 534880,
    "text": "what led to failures in the past, etc."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 537680,
    "text": "The The record isn't just history of"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 540080,
    "text": "what happened anymore. It's a picture of"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 541720,
    "text": "how your company operates."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 543920,
    "text": "And it actually works at three different"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 545800,
    "text": "levels. How a tool works in general,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 547760,
    "text": "which is applicable to every person, how"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 550320,
    "text": "a company does things, and how you"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 552400,
    "text": "prefer to do things, what good like"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 553839,
    "text": "looks like to you."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 555880,
    "text": "And that's the context that context that"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 557680,
    "text": "was missing for a knowledge work agent."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 559600,
    "text": "How the work actually gets done, the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 561839,
    "text": "real playbook of sorts, and the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 564160,
    "text": "preference of a company of a personal"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 566480,
    "text": "user."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 567520,
    "text": "And now the agent can query it and stop"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 570040,
    "text": "guessing how the company operates."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 574280,
    "text": "The other reason coding agents work so"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 576040,
    "text": "well,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 577080,
    "text": "they test themselves. The work checks"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 578960,
    "text": "itself."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 580040,
    "text": "Verification."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 581440,
    "text": "The moment the agent writes a code, a"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 583120,
    "text": "stack of checks follow. The unit tests"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 585920,
    "text": "can catch small mistakes. The"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 587760,
    "text": "integration tests catch the ones that"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 590080,
    "text": "only affect components three blocks"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 591600,
    "text": "away. The type system would not even"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 594400,
    "text": "work and run if anything is going wrong."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 597840,
    "text": "The compiler will not even build. On top"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 600720,
    "text": "of it sits the softer checks, linters,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 603120,
    "text": "formatters, bugboard.md review skills,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 605480,
    "text": "etc. And these ensure that the code"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 608400,
    "text": "matches the way your time team likes to"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 610800,
    "text": "follow the standards of your team. None"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 613160,
    "text": "of it needs you. The agent completes the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 615200,
    "text": "loop on its own and makes sure that it"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 617560,
    "text": "follows the standard and is able to make"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 619480,
    "text": "the code run."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 621400,
    "text": "Now, think about like so, there's an a"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 624840,
    "text": "while back I pointed my open claw at a"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 627280,
    "text": "hiring outreach. Mass emails to"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 629480,
    "text": "candidates. It ran. It sent tons of"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 633720,
    "text": "emails."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 634880,
    "text": "Uh some of you might have also gotten it"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 636520,
    "text": "from my open claw. It did exactly what I"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 638560,
    "text": "told it to do."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 640040,
    "text": "It was also a disaster."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 641920,
    "text": "The kind that ends up on Twitter with my"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 644320,
    "text": "name on top of it."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 646120,
    "text": "Uh yeah, I think you can see a you"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 649800,
    "text": "Karan Vaidya. Uh"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 652280,
    "text": "I was not the happiest when it happened."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 654440,
    "text": "And here's the thing, every check from"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 656400,
    "text": "the past slide would have passed. The"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 658720,
    "text": "emails were valid, their addresses were"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 660560,
    "text": "real. It actually"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 662160,
    "text": "got to real people who posted. Uh there"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 664640,
    "text": "was no best tool in the world to"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 667640,
    "text": "actually uh question what really"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 669720,
    "text": "mattered. Should this have gone at all?"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 673320,
    "text": "That's the gap in code. These tests tell"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 675800,
    "text": "you what's wrong and right. Here, the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 678000,
    "text": "internet told me that I was wrong."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 681839,
    "text": "So, we build the checks that are"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 683640,
    "text": "missing."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 684560,
    "text": "The problem in the above thread was"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 686360,
    "text": "wasn't the outreach was wrong. It was"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 688440,
    "text": "that it went out before even I getting"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 690680,
    "text": "to know. So, the fix is simple. Catch"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 693680,
    "text": "before it's even real."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 695440,
    "text": "So, we have two ways in which we do"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 696720,
    "text": "that. One, before the agent senses"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 699120,
    "text": "anything, it checks the draft"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 702000,
    "text": "emails that I've sent before. If it"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 703800,
    "text": "matches my style, if it matches the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 705840,
    "text": "goodness that I like."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 707440,
    "text": "The second, before doing anything"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 709280,
    "text": "destructive in the real world scenario,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 711720,
    "text": "we provide the agents and boxes, which"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 713920,
    "text": "mock the real tools, and they can send"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 716800,
    "text": "they can do action on top of these"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 718360,
    "text": "sandboxes. So, instead of the blast"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 721040,
    "text": "radius hitting the real world, it will"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 723160,
    "text": "hit a sandbox, and then I can review it"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 725520,
    "text": "before the agent does the real thing."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 727920,
    "text": "Put those two together, and you've got"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 729560,
    "text": "something knowledge work never had. A"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 731680,
    "text": "way for agent to check its own work"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 734680,
    "text": "before it's even real. It can finally"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 736920,
    "text": "close its own loop instead of stopping"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 738800,
    "text": "to wait for you."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 740120,
    "text": "And with all that, you can trust the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 743080,
    "text": "action it is taking without you getting"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 745400,
    "text": "bombarded with the tweets that I shoot."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 749320,
    "text": "Next thing the agent needs is"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 751000,
    "text": "governance. Building trust is"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 753000,
    "text": "controlling what the agent can do."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 754720,
    "text": "Putting up the right walls around the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 756240,
    "text": "agents."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 759720,
    "text": "In code, this is mostly solved and like"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 762360,
    "text": "has multiple layers. The agent can do"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 765360,
    "text": "whatever it wants on its own branch, but"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 767680,
    "text": "it can't merge to main. A human reviewer"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 769920,
    "text": "sits in between it merging to main. The"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 772360,
    "text": "critical files have code owners. So,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 774120,
    "text": "whenever it touches one of them, the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 775680,
    "text": "right people are getting involved."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 777960,
    "text": "Uh we use agents to ship to preview"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 779720,
    "text": "deployments. Never let it touch the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 781320,
    "text": "production deployments, so we control it"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 782839,
    "text": "there."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 784240,
    "text": "The governance is not a single gate, but"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 786960,
    "text": "multiple of them, and each varying its"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 789000,
    "text": "sizes depending on the blast radius it"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 791120,
    "text": "exposes."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 792720,
    "text": "None of it slows the agent down in safe"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 795160,
    "text": "paths. Just prevents it from up"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 798040,
    "text": "production."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 799640,
    "text": "And the tighter those lines are, the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 801720,
    "text": "more you can trust the agent and let it"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 803640,
    "text": "go berserk."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 806200,
    "text": "You probably saw this one. The director"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 808160,
    "text": "of alignment at Meta Superintelligence"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 810080,
    "text": "Lab hooked up an agent to its email and"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 812480,
    "text": "it started destroying its email,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 814000,
    "text": "deleting a lot of them. She told it to"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 816720,
    "text": "stop. It kept going. Finally, she had to"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 819280,
    "text": "run to a physical machine to stop it."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 821960,
    "text": "But by then, 200 emails had actually"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 824040,
    "text": "vanished."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 825920,
    "text": "She had told it beforehand in prompt to"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 828280,
    "text": "confirm before acting on such cases. But"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 831000,
    "text": "that was just a prompt which probably"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 832520,
    "text": "would have compacted away."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 834280,
    "text": "And if someone whose sole job is AI"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 837880,
    "text": "alignment can't prompt it the agent"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 840560,
    "text": "correctly, then probably none of us can."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 843480,
    "text": "And that's the real reason"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 845480,
    "text": "these agents are so hard to trust."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 848520,
    "text": "Not because they're worse than the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 849840,
    "text": "coding agents, but because there's no"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 851440,
    "text": "wall around them."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 852720,
    "text": "In code, the wall was already built into"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 854560,
    "text": "the system while we were developing"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 855880,
    "text": "earlier."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 857200,
    "text": "Knowledge work also has some bits and"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 859000,
    "text": "pieces here and there. For example,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 860440,
    "text": "Gmail has scopes, Salesforce has"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 862200,
    "text": "permission levels. But it's so scattered"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 864560,
    "text": "all over the place that it's very hard"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 867200,
    "text": "to have real control and mostly people"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 869040,
    "text": "end up doing it via prompting."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 872040,
    "text": "And prompting is fragile."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 874680,
    "text": "The agent will find those loopholes."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 876880,
    "text": "Things will get compacted away. And at"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 878760,
    "text": "scale, uh"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 880520,
    "text": "one of these fence will break and you'll"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 882480,
    "text": "also be in the same condition where 200"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 884560,
    "text": "of your important emails are vanishing."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 887240,
    "text": "So, what would actually stop it? Not"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 889920,
    "text": "like a better instruction, but wall that"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 892960,
    "text": "the agent can't cross even if it forgot"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 895560,
    "text": "that wall existed."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 900960,
    "text": "So, we build these walls in two layers."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 903720,
    "text": "The first layer is deterministic,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 905360,
    "text": "control over what the agent can reach,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 907480,
    "text": "what it has access to. Um"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 909880,
    "text": "a hiring agent can probably just read"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 912120,
    "text": "the emails. A support agent can create a"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 914400,
    "text": "draft email, but not actually send it."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 917600,
    "text": "The boundary lives outside these agents."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 919920,
    "text": "It can't be argued with by the agent or"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 922280,
    "text": "forgotten or compacted. Use instruction"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 925160,
    "text": "failed because it lived in agent's"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 927520,
    "text": "memory in the prompt. This doesn't."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 930480,
    "text": "Uh but access alone wouldn't have saved"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 932760,
    "text": "her because she was actually building an"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 935480,
    "text": "email agent. So it definitely needed"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 937840,
    "text": "access to that email."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 939800,
    "text": "Um the other thing that we do is provide"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 942240,
    "text": "policies, which is you can define"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 944760,
    "text": "natural language policies of what the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 946840,
    "text": "agent can do even with those accesses."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 949000,
    "text": "So things like never delete more than 10"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 951600,
    "text": "emails without my permission."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 953760,
    "text": "Never email outside a particular domain."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 956880,
    "text": "Rules that with even those access"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 959080,
    "text": "control the behavior."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 960760,
    "text": "So between those two things, one layer"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 963200,
    "text": "controls the what the agent can reach"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 965200,
    "text": "and the other layer can control the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 966840,
    "text": "behavior with what it can do with that"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 968720,
    "text": "reach. Together, it's real governance"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 970800,
    "text": "for the agent. Not asking the agent to"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 972720,
    "text": "behave, but enforcing it what it can do."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 978320,
    "text": "The last pillar, reversibility. And this"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 981200,
    "text": "is"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 982000,
    "text": "the one of the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 983360,
    "text": "Uh this is where we reach when things go"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 985280,
    "text": "wrong. Can I undo it?"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 987920,
    "text": "In code, you almost always can."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 990920,
    "text": "Every change is recorded. Things can be"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 992800,
    "text": "walked back. You can get revert the last"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 995000,
    "text": "commit or you can get bisect to the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 996800,
    "text": "commit that broke your production and"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 998960,
    "text": "revert it."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1000400,
    "text": "Um"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1001320,
    "text": "now"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1002480,
    "text": "Like I'm not saying it's good. I I won't"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1005000,
    "text": "pretend like that. If things go in"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1006680,
    "text": "production and break, it's always bad,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1008839,
    "text": "but it's still not permanent. You can"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1010440,
    "text": "still walk back from it. And that's what"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1012440,
    "text": "gives you confidence to let your agents"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1014560,
    "text": "cook and let them do some magic because"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1018040,
    "text": "even if they they break the things, you"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1019960,
    "text": "can you have a pathway back."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1023280,
    "text": "For knowledge work, there is no undo"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1024640,
    "text": "button. Things Like think about use"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1027280,
    "text": "inbox. Those 200 emails are gone. They"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1029640,
    "text": "have vanished. That's the normal case,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1031240,
    "text": "by the way. The disaster case is a sent"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1033680,
    "text": "email, which you can't revert back. A"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1035520,
    "text": "wire that has already been made. So you"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1037480,
    "text": "can't get that money back. A deleted"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1039360,
    "text": "record, gone forever. Most actions"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1041920,
    "text": "actually in knowledge work don't have an"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1043680,
    "text": "undo button."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1045000,
    "text": "And that changes the whole equation."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1047280,
    "text": "Uh that changes the blast radius. Uh"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1049680,
    "text": "with code, you can trust the agent after"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1051440,
    "text": "the fact. Let it run, check the result,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1053520,
    "text": "undo if it's wrong. Out here, there's no"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1055560,
    "text": "coming back. The only place left for you"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1057760,
    "text": "is to is to trust before the agent acts."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1060840,
    "text": "That's what makes these agents feel"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1062200,
    "text": "dangerous in a way coding agents never"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1064080,
    "text": "did. It's not that they fail often. It's"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1067080,
    "text": "that out there failure is forever."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1070000,
    "text": "So, either you completely go up front or"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1072440,
    "text": "never let it act."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1075400,
    "text": "Let me be honest, reversibility is the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1077240,
    "text": "hardest to replicate in knowledge work."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1079280,
    "text": "Real undo, the way it exists for code,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1081640,
    "text": "probably doesn't exist in all the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1083040,
    "text": "scenarios in knowledge work."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1084720,
    "text": "But"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1085880,
    "text": "we have some scenarios where undo exists"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1087800,
    "text": "and we"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1088920,
    "text": "call them. So, let's say you add a"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1091120,
    "text": "label. You can remove the label"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1092920,
    "text": "afterwards."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1094080,
    "text": "But for actions"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1095800,
    "text": "that you can't undo at all, like hard"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1097600,
    "text": "deletes that disappear the emails from"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1100120,
    "text": "your inbox, we again provide a sandbox"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1102760,
    "text": "where the agent can do the thing first"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1104520,
    "text": "in the sandbox and you can review it and"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1107240,
    "text": "then actually goes into the production"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1108880,
    "text": "environment. None of it touches the real"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1111080,
    "text": "world. That's the whole flip."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1113200,
    "text": "In code, you can undo the mistake after"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1114960,
    "text": "it happens. Here, you catch it before it"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1117000,
    "text": "does. Different timing, same result, a"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1119320,
    "text": "mistake that won't stick."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1121040,
    "text": "Think about you again. The actions we"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1122680,
    "text": "could reverse, we would give it a"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1124440,
    "text": "reverse button. The ones we couldn't,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1126640,
    "text": "the agent would hit the sandbox first"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1128200,
    "text": "and she would be notified, your 1,200"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1130840,
    "text": "emails are going to get deleted. Do you"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1133000,
    "text": "want it?"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1135040,
    "text": "It's not done yet."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1137240,
    "text": "Uh but across billions of actions that"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1139720,
    "text": "we're going through, we are learning on"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1141080,
    "text": "the way which ones can be walked back,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1143200,
    "text": "which ones can't, and preparing the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1144680,
    "text": "sandbox accordingly."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1149240,
    "text": "If you take one thing away today, take"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1151080,
    "text": "this. For 2 years, the model was the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1153160,
    "text": "bottleneck. So, everybody was racing"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1155520,
    "text": "towards better and better model. Now,"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1157480,
    "text": "the models have gotten good enough where"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1159760,
    "text": "software engineering is 100% autonomous."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1163120,
    "text": "But, now everything else is the"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1164760,
    "text": "bottleneck."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1166040,
    "text": "This"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1168360,
    "text": "the same model that writes your code"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1171880,
    "text": "can also do your hiring, sales, and"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1174000,
    "text": "other knowledge work."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1176080,
    "text": "Um but, it right now it's working blind."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1179440,
    "text": "No history, no context, no ways to"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1181840,
    "text": "verify, no guardrails, no undo."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1184640,
    "text": "So, the bottleneck has moved."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1188280,
    "text": "Now, it's infrastructure that nobody has"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1190320,
    "text": "yet built. And that's what we are"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1191640,
    "text": "building at Composio."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1195160,
    "text": "Yeah."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1196400,
    "text": "We are powering billion plus tool calls"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1198520,
    "text": "in total. Uh 300 million tool calls"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1200720,
    "text": "happening every month."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1202440,
    "text": "And if you are building an agent, just"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1205040,
    "text": "point it to Composio and see the magic"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1206840,
    "text": "happen for knowledge work. And if you"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1208360,
    "text": "want to build the future of substrate of"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1211200,
    "text": "AI agents, then please come to me. We"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1213800,
    "text": "are definitely hiring, and there's a lot"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1215840,
    "text": "lot left to do."
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1217400,
    "text": "The models will keep getting better. The"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1219480,
    "text": "bottleneck won't be models. It will be"
  },
  {
    "startMs": 1222040,
    "text": "the things around it. Thank you."
  }
]